Skinner box

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun A soundproof, light-resistant box or cage used in laboratories to isolate an animal for experiments in operant conditioning and usually containing only a bar or lever to be pressed by the animal to gain a reward, such as food, or to avoid a painful stimulus, such as a shock.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun A box or cage in which a subject (usually an animal), may be isolated from outside influences; used in operant conditioning experiments where the subject can operate a lever to obtain a reward or avoid a painful shock